The American Civil War. One Of The Bloodiest And Most Fatal

The American Civil War One of the bloodiest and most fatal battle in United States History, the American Civil War. The Civil war was a conflict in the nation that the people could never forget. It was a war that costed the lives of the many in the year 1861 to 1865 during the time of the nation’s 16th President, Abraham Lincoln. It was a conflict that arose between dividing states, the Northern free states and Southern slaves states which also referred to as the Union and the Confederate states. â€Å"The War Between the States† is another term for the Civil War because of the high disputes between the North and South. The American Civil War had been debatable as well up until now. Many had different speculations as to what really caused†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"One eighth of the whole population were colored slaves, not distributed generally over the Union, but localized in the southern part of it. These slaves constituted a peculiar and powerful interest. All knew that this interest was, somehow, the cause of the war.† With that being said, in the beginning of the war, Lincoln completely tried to lessen the issue of slavery and stating that the war was just basically about ‘preserving the Union.’ On the other hand, during Abraham Lincoln’s election as the first ever Republican representative to run for Presidency in 1860, he provided a platform and pledges to keep out slavery of the territories. Well, technically, the war was said to have been about religion and state rights as well for both sides. Another factor of the cause was territorial expansion because the Southerners wants to expand slavery into the West, while the North plans to keep it open to white labors. As a result, there had been seven slave states in the Southern part of the country that decided to finally secede and create a new nation which would commonly be called â€Å"The Confederate States of America.† However, President Lincoln and his administration refused to recognized the legitimate secession of these states because they feared that it would compromise to the theory of democracy. In total there were about 2.75 million that fought in theShow MoreRelatedThe Battle of Fort Sumter Essay1497 Words   |  6 PagesThe firing on that fort will inaugurate a civil war greater than any the world has yet seen†¦you will lose us every friend at the North. You will wantonly strike a hornet’s nest which extends from mountains to ocean. Legions now quiet will swarm out and string us to death. It is unnecessary. It put us in the wrong. It is fatal. –Robert Toombs. (Boerner paragraph 2). The Civil War impacted the course of history forever. But it had to start somewhere and the Battle of Fort Sumter marked the start.Read MoreThe War Of The Civil War Essay944 Words   |  4 Pages The War of Succession, universally known as the Civil War, was a war unlike any other. According to the Civil War Trust, â€Å" it was the most immensely colossal and most destructive conflict in the Western world between the cessation of the Napoleonic Wars in 1815 and the onset of World War I in 1914.† It commenced when the Confederate army assailed Fort Sumter on April 12, 1861. The Civil War was a rigorously catastrophic event for both the North and the South. About 360,000 of the Union’s men wereRead MoreThe Assassination Of President Abraham Lincoln Essay983 Words   |  4 PagesOne of the most tragic moments throughout all American history in my opinion is the Assassination of President Abraham Lincoln. With no surprise I am writing about certain event that occurred leading up to, during, and after this unfortunate event. This historical event is clouded with conspiracy but I will try to avoid specifics of that particular view. Abraham Lincoln was born in a little town located within Hardin Country, Kentucky on February 12, 1809 (www.whitehouse.gov/abrahamlincoln). HeRead MoreCause Of The Civil War On America1290 Words   |  6 PagesDecember 3, 2015 Causes of the Civil War Lasting from 1861-1865 The Civil war: one of the most bloodiest and alienated wars in the American History has had a tremendous impact on our past society, and modern as well. In the early 1800’s the United States accomplished harmony, alliance, and unification, eventually causing sectionalism to flourish. This controversy led to the famous bloody war, known as the Civil war. While the south wanted to separate, and become one, the north wanted to unite andRead MoreThe Battle Of Gettysburg And The Civil War Essay1448 Words   |  6 PagesOn July 1, 1863, the bloodiest, most gruesome war in American History began. The Battle of Gettysburg was fought in the small town of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. The Union Army under the command of General George G. Meade faced the Confederate Army led by General Robert E. Lee. They clashed for a long, tragic, three days, but at a costly expense of human life. The American Civil War was one of the most significant battles that the United States has ever been engaged in. On the lines, there were brothersRead MoreWhy the North Won the American Civil War Essay1268 Words   |  6 PagesNorth Won the American Civil War Union officer William Tecumseh Sherman observed to a Southern friend that, In all history, no nation of mere agriculturists ever made successful war against a nation of mechanics. . . .You are bound to fail. While Shermans statement proved to be correct, its flaw is in its assumption of a decided victory for the North and failure to account for the long years of difficult fighting it took the Union to secure victory. Unquestionably, the war was won and lostRead MoreThe Battle Of The War Essay1510 Words   |  7 PagesBetween the four years of 1861 and 1865 the United States was engaged in a Civil War. This involved a division between the free North and the slave holding South, where eleven southern states split from the Union, altogether refusing the idea of a single American nation. Abraham Lincoln, who was the president at the time, disapproved of this revolt and had â€Å"500,000 soldiers to crush what threatened to be an aggressive rebellion.† In April 1861, the first shots were fired, and what followed becameRead MoreWhy the North Won the Civil War1264 Words   |  6 PagesNorth Won the American Civil War Union officer William Tecumseh Sherman observed to a Southern friend that, In all history, no nation of mere agriculturists ever made successful war against a nation of mechanics. . . .You are bound to fail. While Sherman s statement proved to be correct, its flaw is in its assumption of a decided victory for the North and failure to account for the long years of difficult fighting it took the Union to secure victory. Unquestionably, the war was won and lostRead MoreThe Battle Of The Civil War1627 Words   |  7 PagesThere is a long-standing debate over the causes of the Civil War in which one popular view is that it was a war waged to end slavery, while the other view, usually more sympathetic to the South, is that the contention was over states rights (in the interest of self-determination instead of subservience to the federal government). This is an interesting disagreement, because it implies a disagreement regarding which of the two sides was actually fighting for freedo m. Despite the implicit oppositionRead MoreThe Battle Of The American Civil War2055 Words   |  9 PagesThe American Civil War was an infamous struggle fought, primarily, on the issue of slavery. This war shook the nation to its very core, and its legacy has lived on in the hearts and minds of American citizens. Few words have a stronger impact, or strike as familiar of a note, as the words â€Å"Four score and seven years ago.† Americans recognize this statement on a subconscious level, even if they do not know where they are from. These words were spoken in Abraham Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address, at a pivotal

Habitat Conservation Plan to Save Endangered Species in San Bruno Mountain Free Essay Example, 1000 words

The establishment of the San Bruno Mountain Habitat Conservation Plan was surrounded by several controversies especially based on the involvement of many parties. The San Mateo County supervisor Bacciocco spearheaded the negotiation process by bringing the parties together. However due to the varied interest, the challenge was enormous. Before the negotiations, environmentalists had formed a committee that would see the proposed developments were halted. This committee was made up of the Loma Prieta, Committee for Green Foothills (CGF) and the National Audubon Society. Other interested parties comprised of the major developer, Vasitacion Associates who had brought their bulldozers ready for the project. On the other hand, the USFWS were interested in having the endangered species within the San Bruno Mountains protected. Despite the hurdles in reaching the agreement, it came into force. Only 10% of the habitat was approved for development, the rest was converted to city-owned parkland. Though the entire remaining zone is not all occupied by butterflies, it contains lupine and gorse, which are used by butterflies as food. The HCP provides for minimal disturbance to the butterflies by ensuring that grading and construction is restricted. We will write a custom essay sample on Habitat Conservation Plan to Save Endangered Species in San Bruno Mountain or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now Though the enhancement of the habitat is provided in the HCP, very little success has been evident. Under the implementation by the Thomas Reid associates, the HCP requires that additional research be implemented as well as monitoring be done. The organization is obliged to submit annual monitoring reports to the USFWS. However, the challenge arises from the non-specificity of the provision of the HCP in that it does not provide for the type of research that ought to be conducted neither does it provide for the specific enhancement strategies that ought to be developed. The implementation of the San Bruno HCP has faced successes and challenges alike. The initial agreement has been altered as a result of questions being raised concerning the ecological viability of the plan.

Pauls Letter to the Corinthians Essay - 1344 Words

Without the aid of modern technology, early Christianity had to rely on the missionary trips of its advocates to promulgate news and information. In First Corinthians, Paul’s intention was to spread the new message of God’s Anointed One and change how people led their lives. When Paul made his initial visit to Corinth, he stayed for a substantial amount of time in order to effectively educate the residents of the area. Similar to other letters like his letters to the Galatians, this epistle is Paul’s follow on interaction with the community, in an attempt to clarify details which may have been confused or overlooked during his visit. In passages 1:20-21, Paul expresses his frustration with the community’s lack of appreciation for the†¦show more content†¦Pagan culture is historically depicted to be extremely immoral, with many cases of incest and disregard for many common mores. Similar to other neighboring cultures, the message of God was no t well received, and had a great amount of confusion and misinterpretation associated with it. Paul wrote back to Corinth with the complaint that the immoral and selfish habits of the pagan culture were beginning to infiltrate the church. Through his letter he attempts to clarify the distinction between the wisdom of the world and the wisdom of God. It is clear that the Corinthians do not understand what is morally right or wrong in the context of God’s message. Paul uses this letter as an opportunity to delineate moral and selfless behavior, and to disparage immoral and selfish actions acceptable in pagan groups. Paul asserts that the selfish behaviors of the pagan culture, such as having sex with one’s mother, are what separate the Corinths from being true Christians (Dewey, 74). Another major point Paul attempts to communicate is that the Christian lifestyle is intended to build and develop a community of individuals who care for their neighbors, rather than r einforce a hierarchy of those who are closer to God than others. In the letter itself, Paul begins by emphasizing that the word of Christ Jesus is not meant to create partitions throughout the society; rather it is meant to bring all individuals together as a community. â€Å"Chloe’s people,† as heShow MoreRelatedThe First Letter of Apostle Paul’s to the Corinthians Essay733 Words   |  3 PagesThe first letter of Apostle Paul’s to the Corinthians that we have access to is normally known as the book of love, or â€Å"the book that gets read at weddings† (Powell, 273). But when you get down to the nitty-gritty of this epistle to the Corinthians, Paul is addressing many problems that congregation had and that churches today face. Before we get into the actual letter and the occasion and purpose of this letter, I want to review a little of what we know of Corinth and its culture and historyRead MoreWomen s Work And Worship Of The First Century Churches1726 Words   |  7 PagesWomen in Paul’s Letters: Women played an important role in the work and worship of the first century churches. In Paul’s letters he portrays women as equals to men. Paul’s ideas were to renew a community of God’s people; including all races, sexes, and religious backgrounds. While some people will argue that Paul is all for the equality of women, others say that he is misogynistic. Some things that were written may sound harsh to our ears in today’s society; however, when considering the era thatRead MoreTaking a Look at the Pauline Epistles1507 Words   |  6 Pagesshould act. Throughout all the letters, different subjects have been touched creating almost a guide of â€Å"how to’s†. The farewell is especially important as noted in Second Corinthians 13 explains the depth of God’s love to the people and the wrath of doubtfulness. â€Å"since you are demanding proof that Christ is speaking though me. He is not weak in dealing with you, but is powerful among you† (13:3). With corrections in the beginning of the letter, or a defense towards Paul’s teachings, shows the continuationRead MoreI Corinthians : 50 Shades Of Sanctification1626 Words   |  7 Pages I Corinthians: 50 Shades of Sanctification I Corinthians offers the reader an insight into the early beginnings of the New Testament church, its structure, methods, and message. I Corinthians is Paul’s answer to a previous letter he has written to the Corinthians regarding the conditions in the Corinthian church. The picture Paul painted of the early church also includes a problematic, non-typical congregationRead MoreJohn Paul s Letter For The Church975 Words   |  4 Pagesregardless of the short amount of time he was able to spend in Thessalonica and uses his letter as a means of answering the lingering questions of the Thessalonians and reminds them of their destinies. The situation in Corinth, however, is much different from that of Thessalonica; Paul is angered by the Corinthians lack of faith and warns them of their destinies if they continue to stray away from God. Paul begins his letter by reminding the church of Corinth of his destiny, he was called to be an apostleRead MoreThe Apostle Paul960 Words   |  4 Pages3.1 Describe Paul’s gospel in regards to the elements he learned from the disciples in Jerusalem and in regards to those elements he received by revelation. To whom did Paul talk when he went to Jerusalem? How do we know? Show the similarities and differences between tradition and revelation in Paul’s gospel. Three years after his conversion, Paul went to Jerusalem to meet with Cephas (Peter). He remained in Jerusalem for fifteen days. After this time, he also met with James, the Lord’s brotherRead MoreA Meal With Jesus Christ Essay1601 Words   |  7 PagesThis paper will discuss the meaning of the bread and wine, and how Paul’s elaboration of the Lord’s Supper was a result of the Corinthians’ dishonorable actions. It will also demonstrate that, according to Paul, Jesus’ death on the cross is the most significant event in the Gospel, even over the resurrection, as it symbolized the atonement of Christian’s sin. Finally, this paper will demonstrate how Romans 3:19-26 and 1 Corinthians 15:12-19 have a direct correlation and signify the importance ofRead MoreAnalysis Of Paul Pleas With The Corinthians1333 Words   |  6 Pages Paul pleas with the Corinthians to better themselves through Christ Jesus. While in discourse with the Corinthians, the polemic language of Paul becomes, at times, difficult to digest. While pursuing a better relationship with the believers in Corinth, the apostle often used terms such as ‘we,’ ‘our,’ and ‘us.’ These pronouns can be understood in multiple ways; however, the manner in which they are comprehended sheds light on Paul’s agenda. In the analysis of 2 Corinthians 4: 8-18, the pronounsRead MoreMarriage And Divorce : Christianity And Islam1241 Words   |  5 PagesMarriage and Divorce According to The First Letter of St. Paul to the Corinthians, marriage and divorce are two concepts of life that are sentimental to the entire nature and progress of human life. Whereas in The Koran, marriage is something that is done for the fulfillment of what God intended for man to do in the world. In both religions, which is Christianity and Islam, marriage is an acceptance that has to be done, but under a will from the humanity. Both Christianity and Islam practice marriageRead MoreThe Resurrection of the Dead1180 Words   |  5 Pageswith most other Pauline attributed documents, 1 Corinthians is believed to be a single document that addresses salient topics and rationalizes Paul’s view of faithfulness to Christ with Corinth citizens. The newly founded church of Corinth was in correspondence with Paul requesting his answers to questions they posed on topics ranging from marriage to the resurrection of the dead; the latter being one of the most highlighted in 1 Corinthia ns. Paul’s assurance of resurrection illustrates a concern

Summary Of The Research. In Their Article, “Differences

Summary of the Research In their article, â€Å"Differences in Mouse Maternal Care Behavior – Is There a Genetic Impact of the Glucocorticoid Receptor,† Chourbaji et al. (2011) report a 2*2 factorial research design to determine the effect of mutations in Glucocorticoid Receptor (GR) on the maternal behaviors in two different strains of inbred mice. The experiment was conducted in three main stages. The first stage was the production of GR heterozygous mice of both lab strains under study. The next step was the controlled mating and delivery of the pups for knowing the effect of this mutation. The third step was the observation of the maternal behavior in two strains. No significant differences in the behaviors of two strains were observed and†¦show more content†¦The soundness of theoretical reasoning Chourbaji et al. (2011) described their hypothesis clearly in the introduction. They first justified the possible role of GR abnormalities in the postpartum depression by describing the effect of this receptor in other stressful stimuli. They next described the differences in the emotional responses of different strains that were used in this study and the reason for their use. They then described their hypothesis as the â€Å"emergence of a depression-like behavioral profile in GR heterozygous animals, specifically an increase in maternal neglect and/or a reduction of caring behavior† (Chourbaji et al., 2011). Overall, the research is based on sound theoretical reasoning. The appropriateness of the experimental design The experimental design lacks some significant factors that could have resulted in the prominent observation of the emotional changes in the maternal behavior of mice. While it has been confirmed that home-cage observations can be the appropriate ways of knowing the physical or emotional reactivity in mice, there are other ways to analyze the emotional response in mice. Some of these observational strategies also used invasive stimuli but have been used to confirm the respective emotional responses under study. The soundness of mathematics and/or statistical tests The use of General Linear Models (GLM) has not been justified in the paper. Additionally, two-way ANOVA for strain and GR genotype has beenShow MoreRelatedWeek 4 Scholarly vs. Popular Media Focus on Sexuality Paper806 Words   |  4 Pagesin two very different sources: 1) a scholarly journal; and 2) a popular media source.For more information to help you understand the difference between those sources, please use this link to the APU library http://apus.libanswers.com/a.php?qid=5312. You will summarize a scholarly article (peer-reviewed, evidence-based, original research) and one popular media article on your topic. Once you see how the topic is covered in each source, you will write a paper: 1. comparing and contrasting the coverage; Read MoreThe Impact of Financial Literacy Education on Subsequent Financial Behavior755 Words   |  3 PagesArticle Comparison Mandell, L. Klein, L. (2009). The impact of financial literacy education on subsequent financial behavior. Journal of Financial Counseling and Planning 20(1): 15-24. The data presented in this article is comprised of quantitative assessments of financial literacy in a population of 79 students one and four years after their participation in a financial literacy education course. The data is presented and interpreted in both visual/graphic fashions and in textual examinationsRead MoreThe Ipad Can Be A Helpful Learning Tool For Students On The Autism Spectrum1058 Words   |  5 PagesTitle: The Ipad can be a helpful learning tool for Students on the Autism Spectrum. The purpose of this paper is to research the impact that the iPad has on the learning for those with autism. I want to learn the different ways that an Ipad can be used to enhance learning for autistic children. I would also like to see how much of an influence studies show that the Ipads are having on education.  ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Resource #1 Hill, D. (2014, May 1). Comparing the Picture Exchange Communication SystemRead MoreThe Impact Of Gaap And Ifrs On Accounting Programs923 Words   |  4 PagesTopic: The effects of GAAP and IFRS Convergence on accounting programs The first article reviewed was A progress report: IFRS-U.S. GAAP Convergence and it Curriculum Impact. The key aspect of this abstract is the impact in higher education. The difficulties in training for teaching IFRS and the benefits gained. The introduction describes how more countries have adapted the IFRS guidelines and it estimates that the United States may do so in the next decade. Because IFRS is becoming widely acceptedRead MoreHistorical And Current Usage, And Control Mechanisms842 Words   |  4 PagesThe article in which I will review in this week’s assignment was compiled by a number of authors. The authors of the article are Zhenyu Li, Quan Dong, Thomas P. Albright, and Qinfeng Guo. The article was published in 2011 inside the Biological Invasions periodical and is known as â€Å"Natural and human dimensions of a quasi-wild species: the case of kudzu†. It is located in volume 13 pages 2167-2179. I retrieved this article from the Atlanta University Center Robert W. Woodruff Library database. FurthermoreRead MoreThe Effects Of Aspartame Consumption On Children s Own Controlled Setting869 Words   |  4 Pagesclues as to whether the authors believe aspartame causes neurobehavioral side effects. However, it does let the audience know the effects will be reviewed in this article. Intended audience: The intended audience is professionals in the field of nutrition and dieting. Since the army helped fund the research written about in this article it would not be a far stretch to believe that they were looking into feeding solders a healthy diet and wanted to see the effects of aspartame in their own controlledRead MoreHow Skill And Education Mismatch Influences Job Satisfaction1477 Words   |  6 PagesSummary: This study examines how skill and education mismatch influences job satisfaction. The article discusses how education job mismatch is known to affect labor turnover, occupational choice, and job satisfaction. This educational job mismatch may influence salaries as well. The article mentions that there is an important distinction between schooling and skills. The results of the study found that educational management has a strong effect on wages. However educational mismatches are neitherRead MoreEssay on Childhood Obesity1599 Words   |  7 Pageschallenges of the 21st century. The problem is global and is steadily affecting many low- and middle-income families particularly in the United States. The socioeconomic status of these families contributes to the childhood obesity epidemic. Summary of Article 1 The article, â€Å"Beliefs about the Role of Parenting in Feeding and Childhood Obesity among Mothers of Lower Socioeconomic Status† is a study that was conducted by Alison Kalinowski, Kylene Krause, Carla Berdejo, Kristina Harrell, Katherine RosenblumRead MoreUrban Environments And Urban Environment908 Words   |  4 Pagesthat tend to be more physically involved. Due to this, many individuals since the Industrial revolution have moved into urban environments. Very few studies have been conducted on the differences in the amount of sedentary hours spent per individual in urban versus rural environments. The small amount of research that has been conducted on urban environments was largely concentrated on the sedentary lifestyles in urban areas, but have not gathered comparable statistics from rural environments. TheseRead MoreJournal Articles Summary: Group Psychotherapy1118 Words   |  4 PagesRunning Head: JOURNAL ARTICLES SUMMARY Journal Articles Summary: Group Psychotherapy Self-disclosure in Psychotherapy Supervisors: Gender Differences This journal article discusses the issue of self-disclosure in psychotherapy, which is greatly affected by the gender differences. The relationship between the supervisors and the trainees is very much dependent upon the relation of the two. Sometimes they become so familiar with each other that they get involve in sexual relationships, which is

The Gospel of Luke Free Essays

The Gospel of Luke like the other three Gospels depicts the life, teachings, death and the resurrection of Jesus of Nazareth. This is the largest of the four Gospels. The Gospel opens with a salutation to Theophilus and proceeds to tell the story of the appearance of Angel Gabriel to Zachariah, whose wife Elizabeth did not have the ability to bear a child. We will write a custom essay sample on The Gospel of Luke or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Angel announces to Zachariah that his wife will bear a child and that â€Å"he will bring back many people of Israel to the Lord their God. He will go as God’s messenger, strong and mighty like the prophet Elijah. He will bring fathers and children again; he will turn the disobedient people back to the way of thinking of the righteous; he will get the Lord’s people ready for him†. The dumb founded Zachariah could not believe the words of the Angel Gabriel. Zachariah was spending a long time in the Temple and when he came out he could not speak. He was punished with the dumbness till the miracle was realized by him. People knew that he had seen a vision in the Temple since he was making signs to them with his hands and unable to say a word. Gabriel then appears before Mary, who was promised in marriage to Joseph and proclaims that the Holy Spirit will come on her and she will give birth to a son who is to be named Jesus. He adds that â€Å"He will be great and will be called the Son of the Most High God† and that the Lord God will make him a king, as his ancestor David was, and he will be the king of the descendants of Jacob for ever and his kingdom will never end†. After a few months Mary visited her cousin Elizabeth, and when Mary greeted her, the baby in Elizabeth’s womb â€Å"jumped with gladness†. In due course Elizabeth gave birth to a baby boy and he was circumcised and named John. Zachariah regained his speech at that time, as he was filled with the Holly Spirit. The baby grew up into John the Baptist. Joseph and Mary went to Becklehem to register their names for the census and ordered by Emperor Augustus. There Mary gave birth to Jesus and laid him in the manger. An Angel announced the birth of Christ to the shepherds. The shepherds visited the Holy Baby and spread the word around. The baby was named Jesus, as preordained, was circumcised, and was taken for the ceremony of purification. There Simeon, a God-fearing man, filled with Holy Spirit, held the baby in his hand and praised the Lord for bringing glory to the people of Israel. When Jesus was twelve years old his parents took him for the Passover ceremony as usual, but that year he did not return with his parents, and stayed back in the temple, with the Jewish teachers listening carefully, and asking intelligent questions. Jesus grew into a boy of great wisdom. While Herod was the ruler of Galilee, John the Baptist was appealing to the people to turn away from their sins and to get baptized. He also preached the Good News that one much greater than him is coming to baptize them with the Holy Spirit. He also spoke critically of Governor Herod and subsequently became imprisoned. When Jesus was about thirty years old the power of the Holy Spirit started radiating from him very powerfully and he was revered and praised by all. The Devil tried his level best to tempt Jesus through many tricks, but Jesus did not succumb to any of the tricks. But when Jesus went to Nazareth to read from the scriptures, He was not appreciated there. There is a saying that the darkest place is under the candle. Nazareth was the place where Jesus had been brought up. Yet people failed to recognize the Holy Spirit emanating from Him. The power embedded in Jesus started performing miracles. At Capernaum, a town in Galilee, He drove away the evil Spirit that had possessed a man. He cured the high fever of Simon’s mother-in-law. Learning about His miraculous powers, sick people started flocking to Jesus. A touch by his hand cured every one of them. He cured a leper of his leprosy. Once a paralyzed man was carried on a bed and brought to Jesus. He told the man that â€Å"your sins are forgiven you, my friend†. The listeners were puzzled by this, thinking that only god can forgive sins. They thought Jesus was impersonating God. The paralyzed man walked back home. Jesus was unconventional in many of his acts. He kept company with outcasts, supported and eating on Sabbath days, and even cured the crippled hand of a man on a Sabbath day. Gradually anger hatred and fear started building up against Jesus among the Pharisees and the teachers of law. Jesus went on healing and teaching the people who flocked to him. He even breathed life into a dead man. He assured the poor and the sorrow-stricken that there is a great reward awaiting them in Heaven. He taught them to shun violence. He spread the gospel of love. He warned people against judging others. Through powerful parables Jesus started driving great ideas into the minds of the people. As time passed, the number of miracles performed by the spiritual power of Jesus grew unbelievably. The fisherman who could not net any fish in spite of a hard day’s labor, caught netfuls of fish at the order of Jesus. A mob of evil spirits had been driven away from a possessed man into a group of swine. He calmed a storm in the ocean with a single command. A woman who had been sick for twelve days touched the robe of Jesus and got cured instantly. He raised from death the daughter of Jairus. Once He fed a crowd of five thousand with just five loaves of bread and two fish. Jesus had gathered His disciples from among the fisherman. He gave them power and authority to drive out demons and to cure diseases. In due course of time He told His disciples about His impending death and resurrection. He recruited more disciples and sent seventy two of them to different towns with the message of God’s love. To the skeptical teacher of law, He gave the parable of the Good Samaritan. He advised the Pharisees to keep their minds clean and worthy. He even told them that they â€Å"are like unmarked graves which people walk on without knowing it. † When one of the teachers of the law protested saying that Jesus was insulting them, Jesus accused them of holding the keys to the house of knowledge, neither themselves going in, nor allowing anybody else to go in. This infuriated the teachers and they wanted to wreak vengeance on Him. In the meanwhile Jesus went on enriching the peoples’ minds through the parables of the Yeast, Mustard Seed, the Narrow Door, the Unfruitful Tree, Faithful and the Unfaithful Servant, the Great Feast, Worthless Salt, the Lost Sheep and many more. His healing miracles continued as ever. He taught the people that the kingdom of God is within themselves. He reminded them that it is harder for a rich man to enter the Kingdom of God than for a camel to go through the eye of the needle. Jesus drove the merchants from the Temple, and warned people to watch out for the Teachers of Law who take advantage of the weak. They wanted to kill Jesus and finally Judas under the devil’s influence agreed to betray Christ. During the Feast of the Unleavened Bread, Jesus broke the bread and gave it to His disciples saying that it was His body, and gave them the wine as new covenant sealed with His blood. He added that â€Å"the one who betrays me is here at the table with me†. Jesus also predicted the denial of Peter. Jesus was arrested after being kissed and identified by Judas, and Peter three times denied knowledge of Him, as predicted by Jesus. The elders of the Jews, the teachers and the Chief Priests asked Him if He was the â€Å" Son of God â€Å" and He answered â€Å" you say that I am â€Å". For claiming Himself to be God, they decided to punish Him and took Him to Pilate. Pilate sent for Herod. Pilate told the crowd that he did not find Jesus guilty, but the crowd shouted that Jesus must be killed. He was nailed on the Cross along with two criminals. At Jesus’ death, noon turned into darkness, and the curtain in the Temple tore into two. His body was received by Joseph of Arimathea and some ladies who were with him and He was buried. But the third day Jesus resurrected, as He had foretold earlier. Jesus later appeared before His disciples and then was taken into heaven. Conclusion: The word Gospel literally means â€Å"Good News†. But the Gospels in the Bible are more than â€Å"Good News†. They belong to the genre of biography and historiography. As biography it races the birth, growth, crucifixion, and resurrection of Jesus. As historiography it draws a continuous line from the scriptures, from Abraham, through Moses, David, and Isaiah to the age of Jesus. The gospel of St. Luke, from another perspective, is the exposition of God. Its power as scripture is simply unique. How to cite The Gospel of Luke, Papers

Concept of Organisational Citizenship Behaviour

Question: Undertake a Literature Review on the dimensions and antecedents of organisational citizenship behaviour (OCB). The review is to focus solely on refereed academic publications? Answer: Introduction This literature review is aimed at analysing the dimensions and antecedents of organisational citizenship behaviour. However, in analysing such dimensions and antecedents, it is essential that a thorough understanding of the concept of organisational citizenship behaviour is achieved which should be followed by the analysis of these dimensions and antecedents. As a result, the structural analysis including the introduction of such concept of organisational citizenship behaviour and followed by its analysis of antecedents and dimensions is performed as follows: Concept of Organisational Citizenship Behaviour An analysis of the concept of organisational citizenship behaviour in the existing literature suggests that it is mainly known as the discretionary workplace behaviour that exceeds ones basic job requirements. As indicated by Bonaparte (2008), organisational citizenship behaviour (OCB) is an old concept that is being studied since 1970s and it is defined as the voluntary contribution as made by individuals within organisations aimed at leading the organisation to higher success levels. It is a kind of behaviour on the part of employees of the organisation that goes behind what has been indicated in their job requirements. It is therefore largely discretionary and the focus is towards benefitting the organisation in attaining higher success levels. The employee contribution aimed at facilitating the efficient functioning of the organisations is defined as OCB according to Gemmiti (2008). As indicated by Hinrichs, Prieto and Howell (2010), there can be positive level of performance bei ng possible within organisation from applying OCB and these include organisational success in the form of enhancement in the productivity levels, group activity coordination, efficient resource utilisation, and also the benefits in terms of achieving employee adaptability to environmental changes. Overall, it can be defined as the contribution by the employees of the organisation on their own willingness and abilities aimed at enhancing organisations performance. Dimensions of Organisational Citizenship Behaviour An analysis of the existing literature indicates about various major dimensions of the concept of organisational citizenship behaviour. A study by Hinrichs, Prieto and Howell (2010) has identified that there are five important dimensions of organisational citizenship behaviour and these can be best defined as conscientiousness, civic virtue, sportsmanship, courtesy and altruism. These are the important five dimensions of OCB and they are crucial in helping co-workers in following their company rules without involving into any kinds of complaint processes and it involves their active participation in the organisational activities. Although these five dimensions of OCB have been identified, yet an analysis indicates that they have different level of meanings and understanding. An analysis of each such dimension is performed as follows: Altruism: This has been an important dimension that is concerned with the discretionary behaviour and the main purpose has been to help other people in respect to their specific tasks or problems within organisation. This could be in the form of working for other employees or performing his/her task in case of his absence within organisation on a particular day (Solan, 2008). Conscientiousness: This dimension is focused towards going beyond the minimum role requirements from employees within organisation and this could be in the form of not taking any extra breaks or complying with the rules and policies of the company all the time (Organ, Podsakoff and MacKenzie, 2005). Sportsmanship: This particular dimension of OCB indicates that it is concerned with measuring discretionary behaviour that involves the employee willingness in tolerating an ideal situation without performing excessive levels of complaints (Organ, Podsakoff and MacKenzie, 2005). Courtesy: This is another important dimension of OCB and it requires discretionary behaviour on the part of employees with a view to preventing any kinds of occurrences of work related problems. This could be in the form of adverse effect of a situation on other employees of the organisation (Solan, 2008). Civic Virtue: This particular dimension of OCB indicates that the employees of the organisation are highly responsible and they participates in a responsible manner in the activities undertaken within organisation, and their main focus area is towards the political life of the organisation which could be in the form of keeping up with the developments of the company (Organ, Podsakoff and MacKenzie, 2005). These are the important dimensions of the concept of OCB and they are aimed at achieving voluntary contribution on the part of employees of the organisation with a view to ensure enhanced overall organisations performance. Antecedents of Organisational Citizenship Behaviour Having understood the important dimensions of OCB, this section of literature analysis is now aimed at analysing the antecedents of this concept. There are different studies in the past that have examined various important antecedents of OCB. According to a study as conducted by Suresh and Venkatammal (2010), there are different important antecedents of this concept of OCB. An analysis of the study findings suggests that job satisfaction is the most significant antecedent of this concept of OCB and this has been revealed in a study conducted by Organ and Ryan (1995) which suggested findings that there has been the existence of modest relationship between job satisfaction and OCB. However, it is not only the job satisfaction, but there are other important antecedents that have been noted apart from job satisfaction and these attitudinal measures include organisational commitment, task characteristics, organisational justice and leadership behaviour. Apart from this, a study by Podsakoff, MacKenzie, Paine and Bachrach (2000) indicated about a large range of personality characteristics that have direct level of support as the antecedents of OCB. These are mainly identified as agreeableness, conscientiousness, and positive and negative affectivity. These important personality characteristics are aimed at supporting the practising of OCB within organisation. In addition to the personality characteristics, a study by Todd and Kent (2006) has indicated about a large range of task characteristics and these are identified as routinisation, feedback, and intrinsic satisfaction. There has been a positive level of correlation being identified in respect to these important task characteristics and the dimensions of OCB including altruism, courtesy, civic virtue, conscientiousness, and sportsmanship. Overall, the analysis suggests about the existence of large number of antecedents of the concept of OCB and they are crucial to achieving OCB w ithin organisation in a positive manner, and thereby in leading it to higher success levels. Conclusion This literature analysis was aimed at analysing the concept of OCB and the important dimensions and antecedents of the same. The performance of analysis revealed significant findings which suggest that OCB is voluntary contribution as made by individuals within organisations aimed at leading the organisation to higher success levels. There are important dimensions of this concept being noted and these are identified as conscientiousness, civic virtue, sportsmanship, courtesy and altruism. Apart from this, the analysis of the literature has also resulted into the identification of important antecedents of OCB and these include job satisfaction, organisational commitment, task characteristics, organisational justice and leadership behaviour. These important antecedents are the crucial determining factors of practising OCB in a highly efficient manner across the organisation. There are specific task characteristics as well as personal characteristics that have been identified and it was found that there has been positive level of correlation and support of these characteristics over OCB. References Bonaparte, W. (2008), The Impact of Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Organizational Commitment on Organizational Performance, ProQuest. Gemmiti, M. (2008), The Relationship Between Organizational Commitment, Organizational Identification and Organizational Citizenship Behavior, BoD Books on Demand. Organ, D.W., Podsakoff, P.M. and MacKenzie, S.B. (2005), Organizational Citizenship Behavior: Its Nature, Antecedents, and Consequences, SAGE Publications. Organ, D. W., and Ryan, K. (1995), A meta-analytic review of attitudinal and dispositional predictors of organizational citizenship behaviour, Personnel Psychology, Vol. 48 (4), 775-802. Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Paine, J. B., and Bachrach, D. G. (2000), Organizational citizenship behaviours: A critical review of the theoretical and empirical literature and suggestions for future research. Journal of Management, Vol. 26 (3), 513-563. Solan, A.M. (2008), The Relationships Between Emotional Intelligence, Visionary Leadership, and Organizational Citizenship Behavior in Continuing Higher Education, ProQuest. Suresh, S. and Venkatammal, P. (2010), Antecedents of Organisational Citizenship Behavior, Journal of Indian Academy of Applied Psychology, Vol. 36 (2), pp. 276-286. Todd, S. Y., and Kent, A. (2006), Direct and indirect effects of task characteristics on organizational citizenship behaviour, North American Journal of Psychology, Vol. 8 (2), 253-268. Wang, L., Hinrichs, K.T., Prieto, L. and Howell, J.P. (2010), Five dimensions of organisational citizenship behaviour: Comparing antecedents and level of engagement in China and the US, Asia Pacific Journal of Management, Vol. 1, pp. 1-20.

The Re-Emergence of Black Lung Disease-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Causes for the Reemergence of Black lung Disease among Coal Mining Workers. Answer: Introduction This essay discusses the possible causes for the reemergence of black lung disease among coal mining workers. It draws theory from different authors such as Quinlan and Hopkins to grasp a better understanding of the subject. Recent studies have shown that the rate of black lung disease after a long period of decline has started to resurface among coal mining workers. Black lung disease also referred to as chronic lung disease is a form of pneumoconiosis caused by coal dust or inhaling components of carbon like Graphite for an extended period (McIvor and Johnston 2016). Although there are different possible causes for the reemergence of black lung disease, safety measures when compiled together can prevent the disease from reoccurring. Causes for the Re-Emergence of Black Lung Disease According to Quinlan (2014), data from the Health Resources and Service Administration has shown that the overall rate of black lung disease is much higher in places near coal mining areas. The numbers are high for the disease severity stages and attain statistical significance for the cases at the first stage and black lung disease combined in the stages. Finding also shows that black lung clinics are situated in regions of high recognized need, where mining is prevalent and risks of the disease are high (Laney et al., 2010). Although researchers have not yet explained causes for the resurgence of black lung, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) had listed some of the possible factors for the re- emergence of the same (CDC, 2012). For example, longer working shifts. As per the centre for public integrity, miners are now working more than ten hours a week hence putting their life at risk. This implies that the more you work, the higher chances you expose yourself to the dust and the fewer chances of recovery when contracts the disease. Finkelman et al., (2002) holds that coal workers are taking advantage of working overtime hours to earn more compared to the regular pay, yet they do not understand that they expose themselves to a chronic respiratory disease that is difficult to treat. Prolonged exposure to tiny dust particulates and silica is another possible factor that could have led to the re-emergence of black lung diseases (Hendryx and Ahern, 2008). Due to thirst for new coal sources, a vast number of mining companies are mining shallow as well as thinner coal seams which are covered by much rock. Unfortunately, dust from these rocks penetrates into the worker's lungs. Moreover, powerful and modern mining equipment creates finer particulates which are very dangerous when inhaled as Petsonk et al., (2013) holds. Outright cheating is another factor where a vast number of mining companies have falsified their air quality test results. Failing a test means a down time for the company until a point when the level of coal dust reaches much safer levels. The downtime implies a massive loss for the company which is the same as falsifying medical records plus time sheets (Rason, 2000). Missed opportunities by the mining workers to go for screening can be another contributing factor to the prevalence of black lungs among coal workers. According to Suatharna et al., (2007) this happens when an operator fails to allocate time to go for early treatment hence living with the condition. Ideally, mining workers should take action to reduce dust exposure and prevent the number of deaths as a result of black lung diseases. Poor disease prevention strategies to allow shifts in the mining sector brought by the scarcity of richer coal reserves is another possible factor that could have led to the prevalence of coal disease among the mining workers. An example of these shifts includes thin-seam mining by cutting the adjacent silica containing rock (Quinlan et al., 2010). Also, there has not been a clear solution on how black lung can be prevented. Majority of the victims of black lung are trying to bind the issue as well as understand how critical the disease is. However, working to solve some of the mysteries behind the disease can be the starting point to coming up with the solutions to black lung disease. Quinlan Approach to Explaining Death and Disasters As Quinlan (2014) postulates, creating productive bonuses in higher risk activities does not correlate to the maintenance of safety of the highest level. However, the mining sector is strongly embedded to such schemes. Quinlan further argues that sticking to unsafe practices detracts from some of the significant safety deficiencies at the mining areas such as the type of ventilation, the mining techniques employed as well as the failure to provide second egress from the mines. As noted in his book Ten pathways to death and disaster Quinlan holds that there are pattern causes that reoccur in mining disasters due to failures and flaws in the work stations. Although black lung is a prevalent disaster experienced by coal workers in the coal mining sector, we can use Quinlan theory to explain the reoccurrence of death and disasters in the mining work places. In his book, Quinlan asks critical questions about death and mining. Some of the questions include; what lessons can be learnt from mining deaths and disasters and what conclusion do the mine workers draw from these events? And are the key causes of disasters in the mining areas much different from those caused by two or more fatalities? To answer these questions Quinlan analyses fatal incidents as well as mine disasters in five different developed nations since 1992. The analysis finds that there is a leading pattern that causes recur in the events. Some of the possible causes identified are explained below. Failure to observe warning signs; Quinlan holds that the point of concern for those who design and implement the OHS management is the inability to learn from previous mistakes where poor auditing systems, routine risks as well as the preoccupation with personal safety have led to the failure of the OHS management systems. Poor risk assessment; ability of workers to risk access the next work environment is vital but not a replacement for the safer system of the work or comprehensive evaluation at the organization levels. Failure in regulatory oversight is another flaw addressed by Quinlan. The regulatory failures in the work place may include inadequacies or omissions in the safety legislation, complex work arrangements and logistic constraints. In chapter four of the book, Quinlan investigates whether the patterns discussed in the previous section apply to fatal accident in other different workplaces. He extends his analysis to find whether similar patterns could be sought in other industries other than mining and then concludes that enough proof exists suggesting a call for recognition. The pattern deficiencies are not only found in the mining sector, but can also be sought in different workplace disaster areas such as oil rig explosions, shipping disasters, and aircraft crashes among others (Quinlan et al., 2010). Still, the examination gives no proof for other explanations of mine safety especially that focus on complex technology, behavior and culture. It is also explained in the write up why repeating causes are resistant to intervention by the government and also gives the cases where lessons have been drawn. At the conclusion of his book, Quinlan (2014) postulates that safety practices in the work places and mine areas are not as a result of culture within that work area as much as the result of risk taking and poor supervision that was allowed by the management and others affects the production pressure as well as incentives. Hopkins Approach to Explaining the Organizational Causes of Disasters In another book, The organizational causes of disasters, the author Hopkins (2007) argues that safety in the work area is an element of great significance to the business managers and the OHS in a work place. Although the matters of culture, safety and risk are of great importance, they are not adequately understood. The author focuses on the issues mentioned above in an informative manner that will inform organizations and companies as well as help them create a better environment for the clients and employers as well as to prevent risk. The first three sections of the book call for development of risk awareness where one part entails a discussion of the organizational culture, the second part analysis of how organization culture impacts safety and part three a case study of how safety and organizational culture played each other. The Best Approach to Explaining Death and Disaster Quinlan theory is the best suited approach in explaining death and disaster in this write-up. The author identifies the possible causes he sees as recurring in the mining as well as other workplace disaster areas across five most developed nations. Most interestingly, the author hardly finds any proof to support miners behavior as a leading cause of such disasters. Quinlan is much well put to respond on these matters. He was engaged in labor department in New Zealand to prepare reports on mine safety among miners in the event of pike river coal mine explosion that killed over 20 miners in New Zealand. Moreover, he was appointed to investigate the fatal rock fall as well as entrapment of the coal miners in Tasmania. Most interestingly, he featured in 2010 by work standards Tasmania to audit the Tasmania miners inspectorate. Therefore, Quinlan theory is the best-suited approach that can be used in this essay to explain death and disasters in the workplace places like mining areas. Conclusion As witnessed in the excerpt above, coal workers pneumoconiosis or black lung is a chronic disease caused by long exposure to coal dust. Although the disease had vanished many years ago, it has recently resurfaced in most parts of the world among coal mining workers. No actual research has yet been done to examine the possible causes for the resurgence, but it is evident that prolonged exposure to coal dust is one of the contributing factors to the diseases. Following the resurgence of the disease in the recent past, those working in the coal mining industries should be screened first to determine whether they have contracted the disease and those already victims seek treatment. References Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, 2012. Pneumoconiosis and advanced occupational lung disease among surface coal miners--16 states, 2010-2011. MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report, 61(23), p.431. Finkelman, R.B., Orem, W., Castranova, V., Tatu, C.A., Belkin, H.E., Zheng, B., Lerch, H.E., Maharaj, S.V. and Bates, A.L., 2002. Health impacts of coal and coal use: possible solutions. International Journal of Coal Geology, 50(1), pp.425-443. Hendryx, M. and Ahern, M.M., 2008. Relations between health indicators and residential proximity to coal mining in West Virginia. American journal of public health, 98(4), pp.669-671. Hopkins, B., 2007. Safety, Culture and Risk. The Organisational Causes of Disasters. Health Sociology Review, 16(3-4), pp.344-346 Laney, A.S., Petsonk, E.L. and Attfield, M.D., 2010. Pneumoconiosis among underground bituminous coal miners in the United States: is silicosis becoming more frequent?. Occupational and environmental medicine, 67(10), pp.652-656. McIvor, A. and Johnston, R., 2016. Miners' lung: a history of dust disease in British coal mining. Routledge. Petsonk, E.L., Rose, C. and Cohen, R., 2013. Coal mine dust lung disease. New lessons from an old exposure. American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine, 187(11), pp.1178-1185. Quinlan, M., 2014. Ten pathways to death and disaster: learning from fatal incidents in mines and other high hazard workplaces. Sydney: Federation Press. Quinlan, M., Bohle, P. and Lamm, F., 2010. Managing occupational health and safety. Palgrave Macmillan. Reason, J., 2000. Human error: models and management. BMJ: British Medical Journal, 320(7237), p.768. Robson, L.S., Clarke, J.A., Cullen, K., Bielecky, A., Severin, C., Bigelow, P.L., Irvin, E., Culyer, A. and Mahood, Q., 2007. The effectiveness of occupational health and safety management system interventions: a systematic review. Safety Science, 45(3), pp.329-353. Suarthana, E., Laney, A.S., Storey, E., Hale, J.M. and Attfield, M.D., 2011. Coal workers' pneumoconiosis in the United States: regional differences 40 years after implementation of the 1969 Federal Coal Mine Health and Safety Act. Occupational and environmental medicine, pp.oem-2010.